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The Story of

Poland

972 – 2024

Country in Central Europe

  1. Battle of Praga

    4 November 1794

    The Battle of Praga or the Second Battle of Warsaw of 1794, also known in Russian and German as the Storming of Praga (Russian: Штурм Праги) and in Polish as the Defence of Praga (Polish: Obrona Pragi), was a successful Russian assault on Praga, the easternmost community of Warsaw, during the Kościuszko Uprising in 1794. It was followed by a massacre (known as the Massacre of Praga) of the civilian population of Praga.

  2. War of the Fourth Coalition

    October 1806 – 1807

    The War of the Fourth Coalition (French: Guerre de la Quatrième Coalition) was a war spanning 1806–1807 that saw a multinational coalition fight against Napoleon's French Empire, subsequently being defeated. The main coalition partners were Prussia and Russia with Saxony, Sweden, and Great Britain also contributing.

  3. Siege of Danzig

    19 March 1807 – 2 May 1807

    The siege of Danzig (19 March – 24 May 1807) was the French encirclement and capture of Danzig during the War of the Fourth Coalition. On 19 March 1807, around 27,000 French troops under Marshal Lefebvre besieged around 14,400 Prussian troops under Marshal Kalckreuth garrisoning the city of Danzig.

  4. Battle of Heilsberg

    10 June 1807

    The Battle of Heilsberg took place on 10 June [O.S. 29 May] 1807 off the town of Heilsberg (now Lidzbark Warmiński), during the Napoleonic Wars. In it, Joachim Murat's French troops began the offensive on Leonty (Levin) Bennigsen's Russian force ahead of schedule.

  5. Battle of Raszyn

    19 April 1809

    The Battle of Raszyn was fought on 19 April 1809 between armies of the Austrian Empire under Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este and the Duchy of Warsaw under Józef Antoni Poniatowski, as part of the War of the Fifth Coalition in the Napoleonic Wars. The battle was not decisive, but it did result in the Austrians obtaining their goal by capturing the Polish capital Warsaw.

  6. Kraków Uprising

    21 February 1846 – 3 March 1846

    The Kraków Uprising (Polish: powstanie krakowskie, rewolucja krakowska; German: Krakauer Aufstand; Russian: краковское восстание, romanized: krakovskoye vosstaniye) of 1846 was an attempt, led by Polish insurgents such as Jan Tyssowski and Edward Dembowski, to incite a fight for national independence. The uprising was centered on the city of Kraków, the capital of the small Free City of Cracow.

  7. Battle of Kraśnik

    1914

    The Battle of Kraśnik (German: Schlacht von Kraśnik) started on August 23, 1914, in the province of Galicia and the adjacent areas across the border in the Russian Empire, in northern Austria (in present-day Poland), and ended two days later. The Austro-Hungarian 1st Army defeated the Russian 4th Army.

  8. Battle of Łódź

    1914

    The Battle of Łódź (German: Schlacht um Łódź) or Lodz operation (Russian: Лодзинская операция, romanized: Lodzinskaya operatsia) took place from 11 November to 6 December 1914, near the city of Łódź in Poland. Battles were fought between German units of the 8th Army, 9th Army, Austrian 1st Army, and the Russian 1st, 2nd, and 5th Armies, in harsh winter conditions.

  9. Battle of Tannenberg

    23 August 1914 – 30 August 1914

    The Battle of Tannenberg, also known as the Second Battle of Tannenberg, was fought between Russia and Germany between 26 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I. The battle resulted in the encirclement and the almost complete destruction of the Russian 2nd Army by the German 8th Army and the suicide of its commanding general, Alexander Samsonov. A series of follow-up battles (First Masurian Lakes) led to the ousting of the Russian 1st Army from East Prussia.

  10. Siege of Przemyśl

    16 September 1914 – 22 March 1915

    The Siege of Przemyśl was the longest siege in Europe during the First World War, and the second-longest in the entire conflict, after the Siege of Medina. The siege was a crushing defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Army by the Russian Army.

  11. Battle of the Vistula River

    29 September 1914 – 31 October 1914

    The Battle of the Vistula River, also known as the Battle of Warsaw and Ivangorod, was a major Russian victory against Germany and Austria-Hungary on the Eastern Front during the First World War. The battle is one of the largest and most important battles in the First World War, one of the most striking victories of the Russian army, which showed that the Russian troops were strong and could resist the Germans.

  12. Battle of Bolimów

    31 January 1915

    The Battle of Humin-Bolimów was an inconclusive battle of World War I fought between January 14 and February 28, 1915 between the Imperial German Army and Russia. The battle is considered a preliminary to the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes.

  13. Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive

    22 June 1915 – June 1915

    The Gorlice–Tarnów offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia. The continued series of actions lasted the majority of the campaigning season for 1915, starting in early May and only ending due to bad weather in October.

  14. Silesian Uprisings

    26 August 1919 – 21 July 1921

    The Silesian Uprisings were a series of three uprisings from August 1919 to July 1921 in Upper Silesia, which was part of the Weimar Republic at the time. Ethnic Polish and Polish-Silesian insurrectionists, seeking to have the area transferred to the newly founded Polish Republic, fought German police and paramilitary forces, which sought to keep the area part of the new German state founded after World War I and the subsequent revolutions in Germany.

  15. Battle of Warsaw

    1920

    The Battle of Warsaw (Polish: Bitwa Warszawska; Russian: Варшавская битва, Varshavskaya bitva), also known as the Miracle on the Vistula (Polish: Cud nad Wisłą), was a series of battles that resulted in a decisive Polish victory and complete disintegration of the Red Army in August 1920 during the Polish–Soviet War. After the Polish Kiev offensive, Soviet forces launched a successful counterattack in summer 1920, forcing the Polish army to retreat westward.

  16. Polish–Lithuanian War

    1920

    The Polish–Lithuanian War was an undeclared war fought in the aftermath of World War I between newly independent Lithuania and Poland, with fighting mainly in the Vilnius and Suwałki regions, which was part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence and lasted from May 1919 to 29 November 1920. From the spring of 1920 onward, the conflict happened alongside the wider Polish–Soviet War and was affected by its progress.

  17. Warsaw Convention

    1929

    The Convention for the Unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air, commonly known as the Warsaw Convention, is an international convention which regulates liability for international carriage of persons, luggage, or goods performed by aircraft for reward. Originally signed in 1929 in Warsaw (hence the name), it was amended in 1955 at The Hague, Netherlands, and in 1971 in Guatemala City, Guatemala.

  18. Battle of Wizna

    1939

    The Battle of Wizna (Polish: Obrona Wizny) was fought between September 7 and September 10, 1939, between the forces of Poland and Germany during the initial stages of the invasion of Poland, which marked the beginning of the Second World War in Europe. According to Polish historian Leszek Moczulski, between 350 and 720 Poles defended a fortified line for three days against more than 40,000 Germans.

  19. 1939 Invasion of Poland

    1 September 1939 – 6 October 1939

    The invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II. The invasion began on 1 September 1939 when Germany marched into Poland, preceded by the Danzig crisis and by the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, which was signed one week before and approved by the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union one day before the invasion. On 17…

  20. Battle of Westerplatte

    1 September 1939 – 7 September 1939

    The Battle of Westerplatte was the first battle of the German invasion of Poland, marking the start of World War II in Europe. It occurred on the Westerplatte peninsula in the harbour of the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland).