Battle of Sierra Bullones
9 December 1859
The Battle of Sierra de Bullones was the first big battle between Spain and Morocco during the Hispano-Moroccan War.
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The Story of
Morocco
740 – 2025
Sovereign state in North Africa
Battle of Castillejos
1 January 1860
The Battle of Castillejos was fought on New Year's Day, 1860, between the Spanish Army of Africa under Leopoldo O'Donnell and the Moroccan Army under Mawlay Abbas in Fnideq (Castillejos) as the Spanish army attempted to capture the cities of Tétouan and Tangier. The Spanish were victorious.
Battle of Tétouan
4 February 1860
The Battle of Tétouan (Arabic: معركة تطوان, Spanish: Batalla de Tetuán) was fought from 4 to 6 February 1860, near Tétouan, Morocco, between a Spanish Army sent to North Africa and the tribal levies which at the time made up the Moroccan Army. The battle was part of the Hispano–Moroccan War of 1859–1860.
Battle of Wad-Ras
23 March 1860
The Battle of Wad-Ras took place on March 23, 1860 within the Hispano-Moroccan War (1859-1860) that, together with the Battle of Castillejos and Tétouan, completed Spain's action in North Africa to reduce the hostilities of the Riffian bands against Ceuta.
Treaty of Wad Ras
26 April 1860
The Treaty of Wad Ras (Arabic: معاهدة واد راس, Spanish: Tratado de Wad-Ras) was a treaty signed between Morocco and Spain at the conclusion of the War of Tetuan on April 26, 1860, at Wad Ras, located between Tetuan and Tangier. The conditions of the treaty exacerbated Morocco's defeat in the war, with major concessions being granted to Spain.
First Melillan campaign
3 October 1893 – 25 April 1894
The first Melillan Campaign, also known as the Melilla War or the Margallo War (after Juan García y Margallo, the Spanish governor of Melilla whose defeat and death infuriated the Spanish public) in Spain, was a conflict between Spain and the Riffian tribes of northeastern Morocco, and later the Sultan of Morocco, that began in October 1893, was openly declared November 9, 1893, and was resolved by the Treaty of Fez in 1894.
French conquest of Morocco
1907–1937
The French conquest of Morocco began with the French Republic occupying the city of Oujda on 29 March 1907. The French launched campaigns against the Sultanate of Morocco which culminated in the signing of the Treaty of Fes and establishment of the French Protectorate in Morocco on 30 March 1912.
Hafidiya
1907–1908
The Hafidiya (Arabic: الحفيظية, romanized: al-Ḥafīẓīya) was a coup d'état in Morocco between 1907 and 1908 in which Abd al-Hafid seized power from his brother Abd al-Aziz. Abd al-Hafid started his movement in Marrakesh in the aftermath of the Algeciras Conference, the French occupation of Oujda and of Casablanca and the gaining the support of Amazigh leaders in the south.
Battle of Marrakech
19 August 1908
The Battle of Marrakesh was a central battle in the Hafidiya, in which Abd al-Hafid seized power from his brother Abd al-Aziz, fought outside Marrakesh, Morocco on 19 August 1908. A battalion led by Abd al-Aziz departed from Rabat and was ambushed and defeated on its approach to Marrakesh by forces loyal to Abd al-Hafid.
1912 Fes Anti-Jewish riots
17 April 1912
The Fes Riots, also known as the Fes Uprising or Mutiny (from Arabic: انتفاضة فاس, Intifadat Fes), the Tritl (Hebrew: התריתל, among the Jewish community) and the Bloody Days of Fes (from French: Les Journées Sanglantes de Fès) were riots which started on April 17, 1912, in Fes, the then-capital of Morocco, when French officers announced the measures of the Treaty of Fes, which created the French protectorate in Morocco. The riots broke out shortly after the population of Fes learnt about the treaty, which they generally viewed as a betrayal by Sultan Abd al-Hafid, who had left Fes for Rabat…
Battle of Sidi Bou Othman
September 1912
The Battle of Sidi Bou Othman (6 September 1912) was an important battle fought at Sidi Bou Othman, some 40 kilometers north of Marrakesh, during the French conquest of Morocco. It saw the victory of a French column under Colonel Charles Mangin over the forces of the south Moroccan leader Ahmed al-Hiba in September 1912.
Battle of el-Hri
13 November 1914
The Battle of El Herri (also known as Elhri) was fought between France and the Berber Zaian Confederation on 13 November 1914. It took place at the small settlement of El Herri, near Khénifra in the French protectorate in Morocco.
Battle of Abarrán
30 May 1921 – 1 June 1921
The Battle of Abarrán was a military engagement during the Rif War. It happened when the Spanish established a post in Mountain Abarrán.
Siege of Ighriben
17 July 1921 – 22 July 1921
The siege of Igueriben was a clash between the Rif tribes of Abd el-Krim and the Spanish army, from 16 to July 21, 1921, in the Spanish base of Igueriben where they were besieged by forces of Abd el-Krim. The clash ended with the victory of Abd el-Krim's forces, wiping out the Spanish contingent.
Battle of Annual
22 July 1921 – 9 August 1921
The Battle of Annual was fought on 22 July 1921 at Annual, in northeastern Morocco, between the Spanish Army and Riffian Berbers during the Rif War. The Spanish suffered a major military defeat, which is almost always referred to by the Spanish as the Disaster of Annual (Spanish: Desastre de Annual) which is widely considered to be the worst defeat ever suffered by the modern Spanish Army.
Massacre of Monte Arruit
29 July 1921 – 11 August 1921
The massacre of Monte Arruit took place on 9 August 1921 in Al Aaroui during the Rif War, when, after the July 1921 Battle of Annual, Riffian forces slaughtered most of the Spanish soldiers who had surrendered on that day.
Naval Battle of Casablanca
8 November 1942 – 16 November 1942
The Naval Battle of Casablanca was a series of naval engagements fought between American ships covering the invasion of North Africa and Vichy French ships defending the neutrality of French Morocco in accordance with the Second Armistice at Compiègne during World War II. Allied military planners anticipated an all-American force assigned to seize the Atlantic port city of Casablanca might be greeted as liberators. An invasion task force of 102 American ships carrying 35,000 American soldiers approached the Moroccan coast undetected under cover of darkness.
Battle of Port Lyautey
8 November 1942
The Battle of Port Lyautey began on 8 November 1942 for the city of Port Lyautey, today known as Kenitra, in French Morocco. The battle ended with its capture and occupation by American troops, overrunning French forces after more than two days of fierce fighting.
Treaty of Angra de Cintra
2 April 1958
The Treaty of Angra de Cintra, signed by Spain and Morocco on 1 April 1958, ended the Spanish protectorate in Morocco and helped end the Ifni War. The Spanish foreign minister, Fernando María Castiella y Maíz, and his Moroccan counterpart, Ahmed Balafrej, as well as their respective secretaries, met on the Bay of Cintra in the Spanish colony of Río de Oro between 31 March and 2 April in utmost secrecy to negotiate an end to the clashes between Spain and Moroccan-supported rebels that had begun in October 1957.
Years of Lead (Marocco)
1960s – 2000s
The Years of Lead (Arabic: سنوات الرصاص, romanized: Sanawāt ar-Raṣāṣ) was a period of the rule of King Hassan II of Morocco, from roughly the 1960s to the 1980s, marked by state violence and repression against political dissidents and activists from across the political spectrum.