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The Story of

Lebanon

586 BCE – 2024

Country in West Asia

  1. Battle of the Hotels

    2 April 1976 – March 1976

    The Battle of the Hotels (Arabic: معركة الفنادق, Maʿrakah al-Fanādiq) was a subconflict within the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War that occurred in the Minet-el-Hosn hotel district of downtown Beirut. This area was one of the first major battles of the war that began in April 1975.

  2. Syrian occupation of Lebanon

    31 May 1976 – 30 April 2005

    The Syrian occupation of Lebanon lasted from 31 May 1976, beginning with the Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, until 30 April 2005. This period saw significant Syrian military and political influence over Lebanon, impacting its governance, economy, and society.

  3. Chekka massacre

    5 July 1976

    The Chekka Massacre (Arabic: مجزرة شكا) occurred on July 5, 1976, when Palestinian and Lebanese National Movement fighters killed approximately 200 people in the Christian towns of Chekka and Hamat during the Lebanese Civil War. The attack was launched from Tripoli by Palestinian militants and members of an Islamist group Jund Allah.

  4. Tel al-Zaatar massacre

    12 August 1976

    The Tel al-Zaatar massacre was the killing of approximately 1,500 Palestinians and Lebanese Muslims in the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon on 12 August 1976. The massacre occurred during the Lebanese Civil War, after the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp had been under siege since January 1976 by Lebanese Christian militias of the Lebanese Front led by the Kataeb Phalangists.

  5. Ehden massacre

    13 June 1978

    The Ehden massacre (Arabic: مجزرة إهدن, romanized: Majzarat Ehden) took place on 13 June 1978, during the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War. It was an inter-Christian attack between Maronite clans.

  6. Battle of the Beaufort

    6 June 1982 – 7 June 1982

    The Battle of the Beaufort was fought between the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) on June 6, 1982, over Beaufort Castle, Lebanon. It was one of the first clashes of the 1982 Lebanon War and resulted in the IDF capturing the castle.

  7. Siege of Beirut

    14 June 1982 – 21 August 1982

    During the 1982 Lebanon War, the city of Beirut was besieged by Israel following the breakdown of the ceasefire that had been imposed by the United Nations amidst the Lebanese Civil War. Beginning in mid-June, the two-month-long siege resulted in thousands of civilian deaths and the expulsion of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from Beirut and the rest of Lebanon.

  8. Sabra and Shatila massacre

    16 September 1982 – 18 September 1982

    From 16 to 18 September 1982, between 1,300 and 3,500 civilians—mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shias—were killed in Beirut's Sabra neighbourhood and the adjacent Shatila refugee camp by the Lebanese Forces, one of the main Christian militias in Lebanon, with the support of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). In June 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon with the intention of rooting out the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

  9. May 17 Agreement

    17 May 1983

    The May 17 Agreement of 1983 was an agreement signed between Lebanon and Israel during the Lebanese Civil War on May 17, 1983, after Israel invaded Lebanon to end cross border attacks and besieged Beirut in 1982. It called for the withdrawal of the Israeli Army from Beirut and provided a framework for the establishment of normal bilateral relations between the two countries.

  10. South Lebanon conflict

    16 February 1985 – 25 May 2000

    The South Lebanon conflict was an armed conflict that took place in Israeli-occupied southern Lebanon from 1982 or 1985 until Israel's withdrawal in 2000. Hezbollah, along with other Shia Muslim and left-wing guerrillas, fought against Israel and its ally, the Catholic Christian-dominated South Lebanon Army (SLA).

  11. The Bourj Hammoud Massacre

    28 March 1985

    The Bourj Hammoud massacre was an armed robbery that took place in a jewelry shop in the Bourj Hammoud quarter, Lebanon, in 1985. Five people have died as a result; the three perpetrators were arrested by the Lebanese Internal Security Forces and sentenced to death but escaped from prison before they could face execution, and have vanished without trace.

  12. War of the Camps

    19 May 1985 – July 1988

    The War of the Camps (Arabic: حرب المخيمات, romanized: Ḥarb al-Mukhayimat), was a subconflict within the 1984–1990 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, in which the Sunni Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut were besieged by the Shia Amal militia. The "War of the Camps" was a struggle for control over West Beirut and was considered an extension of the political struggle between Syria and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

  13. War of Brothers

    April 1988 – November 1990

    The War of Brothers (Arabic: حرب الإخوة, romanized: Ḥarb al-ʾIkhwat) was a period of violent armed clashes between rivals Amal and Hezbollah, Lebanon's main Shiite militia movements, during the final stages of the Lebanese Civil War. The fighting broke out in April 1988 and proceeded intermittently in three phases over the following years until the signing of an agreement brokered by their respective foreign backers, Ba'athist Syria and Iran, in November 1990.

  14. War of Liberation (1989–1990)

    March 1989 – 13 October 1990

    The War of Liberation (Arabic: حرب التحرير) was a sub-conflict within the final phase of the Lebanese Civil War between 1989 and 1990, in which the Lebanese Army loyal to General and Prime Minister Michel Aoun, appointed by previous President Amine Gemayel and headquartered in eastern Beirut, fought against the western Beirut-based Syrian Armed Forces and the Lebanese Army loyal to President Elias Hrawi and Prime Minister Salim el-Hoss, appointed by the Taif Agreement. Aoun launched several offensives against the Lebanese Forces in an attempt to establish his authority over East Beirut.

  15. Night Time Operation

    16 February 1992

    On 16 February 1992, Abbas al-Musawi, the secretary-general of Hezbollah, was assassinated in an Israeli airstrike on his vehicle in southern Lebanon, as part of the South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000). Israel code-named the operation Night Time Operation (Hebrew: מבצע שעת לילה).

  16. 1996 Qana massacre

    18 April 1996

    The Qana massacre took place on April 18, 1996, near Qana, a village in then Israeli-occupied Southern Lebanon, when the Israeli military fired artillery shells at a United Nations compound, which was sheltering around 800 Lebanese civilians, killing 106 and injuring around 116. Four Fijian United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon soldiers were also seriously injured.

  17. Operation Grapes of Wrath

    27 April 1996

    Operation Grapes of Wrath (Hebrew: מבצע ענבי זעם Mivtsa Enavi Zaam), known in Lebanon as the April Aggression (Arabic: عدوان نيسان, romanized: ʿUdwān Nīsān), was a seventeen-day campaign of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) against Hezbollah in 1996 which attempted to end the Iran-backed group's rocket attacks on northern Israeli civilian centres by forcing the group north of the Litani River, out of easy range of these civilian centres. Prior to the operation, Hezbollah had launched 151 rockets from Lebanon into Israel, killing two Israeli civilians and seriously wounding 24 other Israeli…

  18. 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict

    7 October 2000 – 12 July 2006

    The 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict was a low-level border conflict between Israel and Hezbollah for control of Shebaa Farms, a disputed territory located on the Golan Heights–Lebanon border. Fighting between the two sides primarily consisted of Hezbollah rocket and mortar attacks on Israel and Israeli artillery barrages and airstrikes on Hezbollah in southern Lebanon.

  19. Cedar Revolution

    14 February 2005 – 27 April 2005

    The Cedar Revolution (Arabic: ثورة الأرز, romanized: thawrat al-arz), known in Lebanon as the Independence intifada (انتفاضة الاستقلال, intifadat al-istiqlal), was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri. The popular movement was remarkable for its avoidance of violence, peaceful approach, and its total reliance on methods of civil resistance.

  20. 2006 Lebanon War

    2006

    The 2006 Lebanon War was a 34-day armed conflict in Lebanon, fought between Hezbollah and Israel. The war started on 12 July 2006 and continued until a United Nations-brokered ceasefire went into effect in the morning on 14 August 2006, though it formally ended on 8 September 2006 when Israel lifted its naval blockade of Lebanon.