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The Story of

Lebanon

586 BCE – 2024

Country in West Asia

  1. Siege of Tyre

    586 BCE – 573 BCE

    The siege of Tyre is usually assumed to have been waged for 13 years from 586 to 573 BC by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon. The siege of Tyre, in Phoenicia, has a significant connection to the Book of Ezekiel which in chapter 26 announces that the city will soon fall to the Babylonian forces, while chapter 29 states that the siege was partially unsuccessful.

  2. Siege of Tyre

    January 332 BCE – July 332 BCE

    The siege of Tyre was carried out by Alexander the Great in 332 BC during his campaigns against the Persians. At first, the Macedonian army was unable to capture the city of Tyre, which was a strategic coastal base on the Mediterranean Sea, through conventional means because it was on an island that was 1 kilometer off the coast of modern-day Lebanon (at the time Phoenicia) and had walls right up to the sea.

  3. Revolt of Tyre

    996 – May 998

    The Revolt of Tyre was an anti-Fatimid rebellion by the populace of the city of Tyre, in modern Lebanon. It began in 996, when the people, led by an ordinary sailor named 'Allaqa, rose up against the Fatimid government.

  4. Siege of Tripoli

    1102 – 12 July 1109

    The siege of Tripoli lasted from 1102 until 12 July 1109. It took place on the site of the present day Lebanese city of Tripoli, in the aftermath of the First Crusade.

  5. Siege of Sidon

    19 October 1110 – 5 December 1110

    The siege of Sidon occurred in 1110 in the aftermath of the First Crusade. The coastal city of Sidon was captured by the forces of Baldwin I of Jerusalem and Sigurd I of Norway, with assistance from Ordelafo Faliero, Doge of Venice.

  6. Battle of Marj Ayyun

    10 June 1179

    The Battle of Marj Ayyun was a military confrontation fought at Marj Ayyun near the Litani River (modern-day Lebanon) in June 1179 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem under Baldwin IV and the Ayyubid armies under the leadership of Saladin. It ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims and is considered the first in the long series of Islamic victories under Saladin against the Christians.

  7. Siege of Tyre

    12 November 1187 – 1 January 1188

    The siege of Tyre took place from 12 November 1187 to 1 January 1188. An Ayyubid army commanded by Saladin made an amphibious assault on the city, defended by Conrad of Montferrat.

  8. Siege of Tripoli

    9 May 1271 – May 1271

    The Truce of Tripoli was an agreement signed in late May 1271 between the Mamluk Sultan Baybars and the Count of Tripoli Bohemond VI of Antioch. Baybars initially wanted to attack the County of Tripoli, but after the arrival of a new Ninth Crusade, he made a truce that lasted ten years with terms to allow Baybars to retain his conquests.

  9. Fall of Tripoli

    March 1289 – 26 April 1289

    The Fall of Tripoli was the capture and destruction of the Crusader state of the County of Tripoli (now parts of Lebanon and Syria) by the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. The battle occurred in 1289 and was an important event in the Crusades, as it marked the capture of one of the few remaining major Crusader possessions.

  10. Battle of Anjar

    1 November 1623

    The Battle of Anjar was fought on 1 November 1623 between the army of Fakhr al-Din II and a coalition army led by the governor of Damascus Mustafa Pasha.

  11. Battle of Beirut

    24 February 1912

    The Battle of Beirut was a naval battle off the coast of Beirut during the Italo-Turkish War. Italian fears that the Ottoman naval forces at Beirut could be used to threaten the approach to the Suez Canal led the Italian military to order the destruction of the Ottoman naval presence in the area.

  12. Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub

    27 September 1918

    The Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub was fought on 27 September 1918 at the beginning of the pursuit by the Desert Mounted Corps of the retreating remnants of the Yildirim Army Group towards Damascus during the Sinai and Palestine campaign of World War I. After the Battle of Samakh and the Capture of Tiberias, which completed the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's decisive victory in the Battle of Sharon section of the Battle of Megiddo, the Australian Mounted Division attacked and captured a series of rearguard positions. The positions were held by German and Ottoman soldiers of the Tiberias Group…

  13. Battle of Jezzine

    13 June 1941

    The Battle of Jezzine (13 June 1941) was part of the Australian 7th Division's advance on Beirut during the five-week-long Syria-Lebanon campaign by the Allies against Vichy French forces in Syria and Lebanon. Jezzine, Lebanon, is about halfway between the Lebanese border with Mandatory Palestine and Beirut.

  14. Battle of Beirut

    12 July 1941

    The Battle of Beirut (12 July 1941) marked the end of hostilities in the Syria–Lebanon campaign of World War II. The campaign saw the initial Allied deployment of 2 brigades of the Australian 7th Division, a brigade from the 1st British Cavalry Division, the 5th Indian Infantry Brigade which was deployed immediately from Eritrea after the surrender of the Duke of Aosta, several armoured and air units of the British 6th Division, a special commando force (C battalion of the Special Service Brigade) and 6 battalions of the 1st Free French Division. On 8 July, even before the fall of Damour,…

  15. Hula massacre

    1 November 1948

    The Hula massacre took place between 31 October and 1 November 1948 in Hula, a village in Lebanon 3 km west of Kibbutz Manara, not far from the Litani River. It was captured on October 24 by the Carmeli Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces without any resistance.

  16. Lebanese Civil War

    13 April 1975 – 13 October 1990

    The Lebanese Civil War (Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, al-ḥarb al-ahliyyah al-libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict fought in Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 deaths, displaced nearly one million people, and caused widespread destruction across the country.

  17. Black Saturday

    6 December 1975

    Black Saturday (Arabic: السبت الأسود; French: Samedi noir) was the massacre of between 150 and 200 Lebanese Muslim and Druze civilians by Phalangist forces on Saturday 6 December 1975, during the early stages of the Lebanese Civil War. It set a precedent for later outbreaks of violence such as the Battle of the Hotels, the Karantina massacre and the Damour massacre.

  18. Bab al-Tabbaneh–Jabal Mohsen conflict

    1976–2015

    The Bab al-Tabbaneh–Jabal Mohsen conflict was a recurring conflict between the Sunni Muslim residents of the Bab-al-Tabbaneh neighbourhood and the Alawite residents of the Jabal Mohsen neighbourhood of Tripoli, Lebanon from 1976 through 2015. Residents of the two neighbourhoods became rivals during the Lebanese Civil War and frequently engaged in violence.

  19. Karantina massacre

    18 January 1976

    The Karantina massacre (Arabic: مجزرة الكرنتينا; French: Massacre de La Quarantaine/Karantina) took place on 18 January 1976, early in the Lebanese Civil War. La Quarantine, known in Arabic as "Karantina", was a Muslim-inhabited district in mostly Christian East Beirut controlled by forces of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Lebanese National Movement (LNM), and inhabited by Palestinians, Kurds, Armenians, Syrians, and Lebanese Muslims.

  20. Damour massacre

    20 January 1976

    The Damour massacre took place on 20 January 1976, during the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War. Damour, a Maronite Christian town on the main highway south of Beirut, was attacked by militants of the Palestine Liberation Organisation and as-Sa'iqa.