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The Story of

Bolivia

1809 – 2026

Sovereign state in South America

  1. 1920 Bolivian coup d'état

    12 July 1920

    1920 Bolivian coup d'état was a bloodless takeover of power in Bolivia by the Republican party on July 12, 1920 which overthrew the previously ruling government of the Liberal Party and brought Bautista Saavedra to power as President from 1920 until 1925. Republicans were less united by a single ideology than a wide alliance of former Liberals and some Conservative elites who usually had some personal conflicts with the ruling Liberals and wanted to gain power for themselves.

  2. Treaty of Lima

    3 June 1929

    The Treaty of Lima was a boundary treaty signed on June 3, 1929. The agreement put an end to the territorial dispute regarding the provinces of Tacna and Arica, which had been administered by Chile since 1883.

  3. Chaco War

    9 September 1932 – 12 June 1935

    The Chaco War (Spanish: Guerra del Chaco, Guarani: Cháko Ñorairõ) was fought from 1932 to 1935. It was between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region (known in Spanish as the Chaco Boreal), which was thought to be rich in petroleum.

  4. 1934 Bolivian coup d'état

    27 November 1934

    The 1934 Bolivian coup d'état, colloquially known as the Corralito of Villamontes (Spanish: Corralito de Villamontes), was a military coup in Bolivia that deposed President Daniel Salamanca in the midst of the Chaco War. Two days before the coup, Salamanca and his presidential delegation arrived at the military headquarters in Villamontes with the intent of removing General Enrique Peñaranda as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and replacing him with General José Leonardo Lanza.

  5. 1936 Bolivian coup d'état

    May 1936

    The 1936 Bolivian coup d'état, also known as the Socialist Revolution of 1936, was a civil-military coup in Bolivia that deposed President José Luis Tejada Sorzano, bringing an end to traditional political order and bringing forward the period of Military Socialism in the country. On 17 May 1936, following the largest strike movement known until then in Bolivia, the military under the young lieutenant colonel Germán Busch overthrew the government of Tejada.

  6. Catavi Massacre

    21 December 1942

    The Catavi massacre was a massacre of striking miners by Bolivian government forces at the Catavi mine on 21 December 1942. According to the official report, 19 miners were killed and 400 wounded, while estimates by the workers themselves reported up to 400 deaths.

  7. Bolivian National Revolution (1952-1964)

    11 April 1952

    The Bolivian Revolution of 1952 (Spanish: Revolución boliviana), also known as the Revolution of '52, was a series of political demonstrations led by the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR), which, in alliance with the liberals and the communists, sought to overthrow the ruling Bolivian oligarchy and implement a new socioeconomic model in Bolivia. Its main leaders were the former presidents Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo.

  8. 1964 Bolivian coup d'état

    4 November 1964

    1964 Bolivian coup d'état in Bolivia was a coup under the leadership of Vice-president René Barrientos and Bolivian Army commander-in-chief Alfredo Ovando Candía against the President Víctor Paz Estenssoro, leader of the Bolivian National Revolution of 1952, who recently had been re-elected for his third term in office. There are those who label the November 4th coup as a counterrevolution.

  9. 1969 Bolivian coup d'état

    26 September 1969

    1969 Bolivian coup d'état (also known as the 26 September Revolution by supporters) was a military coup carried out by the Bolivian commander Alfredo Ovando Candía that deposed President Luís Adolfo Siles Salinas, former vice-president of René Barrientos who had taken office after his death. Ovando seized power in the name of a "nationalist and revolutionary" program formulated in the Revolutionary Mandate of the Armed Forces.

  10. 1971 Bolivian coup d'état

    18 August 1971

    The 1971 Bolivian coup d'état was led by military officer Hugo Banzer on August 18, 1971, against the government of president Juan José Torres.

  11. Charaña Accords

    8 February 1975

    The Charaña Accord, also known as the Hug of Charaña or the Act of Charaña, is the name given to an unrealized treaty that was discussed between the dictators of Bolivia and Chile, Hugo Banzer and Augusto Pinochet respectively. These discussions took place mostly on the Bolivian train station of Charaña on February 8, 1975, and included the brief reestablishment of diplomatic relations between the two nations which had been severed on 1962 because of the Atacama border dispute which was to be solved via a Chilean proposal for the exchange of territories between Bolivia and Chile, with the…

  12. July 1978 Bolivian coup d'état

    21 July 1978

    The July 1978 Bolivian coup d'état was the military takeover of the Bolivian government by General Pereda and his supporters at the expense of the Banzer regime. The Junta of Commanders that seized power in the coup promptly installed General Pereda as President of Bolivia on July 21, 1978.

  13. All Saints' Massacre

    1 November 1979

    The All Saints' massacre (Spanish: Masacre de Todos Santos) is the name given to the violent crackdown against popular protests by the military regime of Alberto Natusch Busch that seized power in a coup on November 1 (All Saints' Day), 1979. In response to the November 1 coup, the Central Obrera Boliviana (COB) trade union confederation launched a campaign of mass protests, which the military violently suppressed.

  14. Eastern Air Lines Flight 980

    1 January 1985

    Eastern Air Lines Flight 980 was a scheduled international flight from Asunción, Paraguay, to Miami, Florida, United States. On January 1, 1985, while descending towards La Paz, Bolivia, for a scheduled stopover, the Boeing 727 jetliner struck Mount Illimani at an altitude of 19,600 feet (6,000 m), killing all 29 people on board.

  15. 1998 Aiquile earthquake

    22 May 1998

    The 1998 Aiquile earthquake occurred on May 22 at 00:48:53 local time in Bolivia. This strike-slip earthquake had a moment magnitude of 6.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).

  16. Bolivian gas conflict

    17 October 2003 – 2006

    The Bolivian Gas War (Spanish: Guerra del Gas) or Bolivian gas conflict was a social confrontation in Bolivia reaching its peak in 2003, centering on the exploitation of the country's vast natural gas reserves. The expression can be extended to refer to the general conflict in Bolivia over the exploitation of gas resources, thus including the 2005 protests and the election of Evo Morales as president.

  17. 2014 Iquique earthquake

    1 April 2014

    The 2014 Iquique earthquake struck off the coast of Chile on 1 April, with a moment magnitude of 8.1–8.2, at 20:46 local time (23:46 UTC). The epicenter of the earthquake was approximately 95 kilometres (59 mi) northwest of Iquique.

  18. 2019 Bolivian protests

    October 2019 – November 2019

    The 2019 Bolivian protests, also known as the Pitita Revolution (Spanish: la Revolución de las Pititas), were protests and marches from 21 October 2019 until late November of that year in Bolivia, in response to claims of electoral fraud in the 2019 general election of 20 October. After 11 November 2019, there were protests by supporters of the outgoing government in response to Jeanine Áñez becoming the acting president of Bolivia.

  19. COVID-19 pandemic

    1 December 2019

    The global COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It spread to other parts of Asia and then worldwide in early 2020.

  20. 2026 Bolivian protests

    May 2026

    The 2026 Bolivian protests were a series of mass protests that occurred in Bolivia in May and June, involving widespread demonstrations, blockades, and strikes in multiple regions across Bolivia that targeted major cities. They were led and participated predominantly by indigenous groups.