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The Story of

Azerbaijan

1139 – 2025

Country in the Caucasus in Eastern Europe and Western Asia

  1. Battle of Aghdam

    23 July 1993

    The Battle of Aghdam (June – July 1993) took place on 23 July 1993 during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, during which Armenian forces captured the Azerbaijani city of Aghdam. The city of Aghdam, which had about 50,000 inhabitants prior to its capture, is located about 30 km northeast of Stepanakert and 5 km east of the border of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.

  2. Azerbaijani vote of confidence referendum, 1993

    29 August 1993

    A national vote of confidence in President Abulfaz Elchibey was held in Azerbaijan on 29 August 1993, following a coup d'état in June by Surat Huseynov. Voters were asked if they trusted the President of the Azerbaijan Republic.

  3. 1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état

    1 September 1993

    The 1993 Azeri coup d'état, also known as the Ganja Uprising, was a military coup led by Azerbaijani military commander Surat Huseynov. On June 4, 1993, Huseynov's forces led a march from the city of Ganja to the Azerbaijani capital of Baku in order to overthrow President Abulfaz Elchibey who was elected in independent Azerbaijan's first free election in 1992.

  4. Operation Kalbajar

    1994

    Operation Kalbajar was a military offensive launched by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces in late 1993 against the forces of the Armenian Army and the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic to recapture the district of Kalbajar in the final stage of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. Armenian forces had captured the entire district in an offensive in March–April 1993.

  5. Operation Horadiz

    6 January 1994

    Operation Horadiz (Azerbaijani: Horadiz əməliyyatı) was a battle during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War between the Azerbaijani Armed Forces and the Armenian Armed Forces in Horadiz village of Fuzuli District of the Republic of Azerbaijan, which began in December 1993 and lasted until January 6.

  6. Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 56

    5 December 1995

    Azerbaijan Airlines Flight A-56 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Azerbaijan Airlines, from Nakhchivan Airport to Baku, which crashed whilst attempting an emergency landing on 5 December 1995, killing 52 out of the 82 people on board. The twin-engine aircraft operating the flight, a Tupolev Tu-134, experienced an engine failure shortly after take-off, but the second engine that was operable was shut down in error.

  7. 2000 Baku earthquake

    25 November 2000

    On 25 November 2000, at 22:09 (18:09 AZT), a Mw 6.8 earthquake struck with an epicenter just offshore Baku, Azerbaijan. It was followed a minute later by a Mw 6.5 event.

  8. Azerbaijani constitutional referendum

    24 August 2002

    A constitutional referendum was held in Azerbaijan on 24 August 2002. The referendum was initiated by the authoritarian Heydar Aliyev regime.

  9. Iraq War

    20 March 2003 – 15 December 2011

    The Iraq War (Arabic: حرب العراق, romanized: ḥarb al-ʿirāq), also referred to as the Second Gulf War (Gulf War II), was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began in March 2003 with the invasion by a United States–led coalition, which resulted in the overthrow of the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein.

  10. Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 217

    23 December 2005

    Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 217 was a scheduled passenger flight between Baku and Aktau, Kazakhstan that crashed into the Caspian Sea at ca. 22:40 on 23 December 2005.

  11. 2008 Mardakert skirmishes

    4 March 2008

    The 2008 Mardakert clashes began on March 4 after the 2008 Armenian election protests. It involved the heaviest fighting between ethnic Armenian and Azerbaijani forces over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh since the 1994 ceasefire after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

  12. 2010 Mardakert skirmishes

    1 September 2010

    The 2010 Mardakert clashes were a series of violations of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War ceasefire. They took place across the line of contact dividing Azerbaijan and the ethnic Armenian military forces of the unrecognized but de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

  13. Van earthquake of 2011

    23 October 2011

    The 2011 Van earthquakes occurred in eastern Turkey near the city of Van. The first earthquake happened on 23 October at 13:41 local time.

  14. 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes

    8 August 2014

    Clashes on the Armenian–Azerbaijan border (Tavush–Qazakh) and the line of contact between the Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijan started on 27 July 2014. Reported casualties of the clashes were some of the highest since the 1994 ceasefire agreement that ended the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

  15. 2015 Baku residence building fire

    19 May 2015

    The 2015 Baku residence building fire occurred on 19 May 2015 in a 16-level residence building located at Azadlig Avenue 200/36 in Binagadi raion of Baku, Azerbaijan. The official death toll from the fire was 15, of whom five were children; at least 63 people were injured.

  16. 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

    2 April 2016 – 5 April 2016

    The 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, also known as the Four-Day War, April War, or April clashes, began along the former Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact on 1 April 2016 with the Artsakh Defence Army, backed by the Armenian Armed Forces, on one side and the Azerbaijani Armed Forces on the other. The clashes occurred in a region that is disputed between the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh and the Republic of Azerbaijan.

  17. 2016 Azerbaijani constitutional referendum

    26 September 2016

    A constitutional referendum was held in Azerbaijan on 26 September 2016. Voters were asked whether they approved of 29 constitutional amendments, with a separate vote on each one.

  18. 2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes

    20 May 2018 – 27 May 2018

    The 2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes began on 20 May 2018 between the Armenian Armed Forces and Azerbaijani Armed Forces. Azerbaijan stated to have taken several villages and strategic positions within the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

  19. COVID-19 pandemic

    1 December 2019

    The global COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It spread to other parts of Asia and then worldwide in early 2020.

  20. Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

    2020

    The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding occupied territories. It was a major escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region, involving Azerbaijan, Armenia and the self-declared Armenian breakaway state of Artsakh.