1139 Ganja earthquake
1139
The 1139 Ganja earthquake was one of the worst seismic events in history. It affected the Seljuk Empire and the Kingdom of Georgia, in modern-day Azerbaijan and Georgia.
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The Story of
Azerbaijan
1139 – 2025
Country in the Caucasus in Eastern Europe and Western Asia
Battle of Shamkor
1 June 1195
Battle of Shamkor (Georgian: შამქორის ბრძოლა) was fought on June 1, 1195, near the city of Shamkor, Arran. The battle was a major victory won by the Georgian army, commanded by David Soslan, over the army of the Eldiguzid ruler of Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr.
Mongol invasions of Azerbaijan
1220–1356
The Mongol invasions and conquests of the territory that now comprises the Republic of Azerbaijan took place during the 13th and 14th centuries and involved large-scale raids. The Mongol invasions of Azerbaijan resulted in the incorporation of the territories of what now comprises Azerbaijan into the newly established Hulagu state.
Black Death
1346–1352
The Black Death was a plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history, leading to the death of up to 50 million people, around 30% to 60% of the European population and approximately 33% of the Middle Eastern population.
Battle of Nakhchivan
14 October 1406
The Battle of Nakhchivan (Persian: نبرد نخجوان) was fought between Kara Koyunlu under their Bey, Qara Yusuf and the Timurid Empire under the leadership of Timur's grandson Abu Bakr Mirza ibn Miran Shah, for control of Azerbaijan on October 14, 1406. Qara Yusuf decisively defeated the Timurids in this battle and took over Tabriz, the capital of the region.
Battle of Sharur
17 July 1501
The Battle of Sharur was fought in 1501 near Sharur, close to Nakhchivan, between the forces of Ismail ibn Shaykh Haydar and the Aq Qoyunlu army of Alvand Mirza. Ismail decisively defeated Alvand, after which the Qizilbash advanced unopposed on Tabriz, the former Aq Qoyunlu imperial capital.
Şahkulu Revolt
9 April 1511 – 2 July 1511
The Şahkulu rebellion was a widespread pro-Shia and pro-Safavid uprising in Anatolia, directed against the Ottoman Empire, in 1511. It began among the Turkmen tribes of the Taurus Mountains, before spreading to a wide variety of disgruntled groups.
Battle of Mollahasanli
15 November 1578
The Battle of Mollahasanli took place on 28 November 1578 during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) in the town of Mollahasanli on the banks of the Agsu River in Shirvan. The Safavid army, under the command of the Crown Prince Hamza Mirza, defeated the army of the Ottoman ally, the Crimean Khan, under the command of the kalga Adil Giray.
Siege of Ganja
April 1606 – 5 July 1606
The siege of Ganja (Persian: محاصره گنجه) took place in 1606 during the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–1618. The Safavids had lost the city to the Ottomans by the Treaty of Constantinople of 1590.
Siege of Ganja
3 November 1734 – 9 July 1735
The siege of Ganja (Persian: محاصره گنجه), during the last phase of the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–1735), resulted in the surrender of the city by its Ottoman garrison after the main Turkish army marching to its relief was decisively defeated at the battle of Baghavard.
Shamkhor Massacre
January 1918
The Shamkhor massacre (Russian: Шамхорская резня) or the Shamkhor incident (Azerbaijani: Şamxor hadisəsi), took place on 22–25 January (9–12 January, Old Style) 1918, Shamkir, Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijani armed groups, acting on orders from the Military Council of Nationalities, massacred Russian soldiers who were returning home from the Caucasus Front, in an effort to obtain sufficient arms.
Battle of Goychay
1 July 1918
The Battle of Goychay (Azerbaijani: Göyçay döyüşü; Russian: Геокчайский бой; Turkish: Göyçay/Gökçay Savaşı) or Raid on Goychay (Azerbaijani: Göyçay basqını, Turkish: Göyçay/Gökçay Baskını), was a series of clashes that took place from 27 June to 1 July 1918, between Ottoman–Azerbaijani coalition forces led by Nuri Pasha and a coalition of the Soviet 11th Army and Armenian Dashnak forces. The initial battle ended on 30 June, but minor clashes continued until 1 July.
Battle of Baku
26 August 1918 – 14 September 1918
The Battle of Baku (Azerbaijani: Bakı döyüşü, Turkish: Bakü Muharebesi, Russian: Битва за Баку) took place in August and September 1918 between the Ottoman–Azerbaijani coalition forces led by Nuri Pasha and Bolshevik–ARF Baku Soviet forces, later succeeded by the British–Armenian–White Russian forces led by Lionel Dunsterville, and saw Soviet Russia briefly re-enter the war. The battle took place during World War I, was a conclusive part of the Caucasus campaign, but a beginning of the Armenian–Azerbaijani War.
First Nagorno-Karabakh War
20 February 1988 – 16 May 1994
The First Nagorno-Karabakh War was an ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994 in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh backed by Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan with support from Turkey. As the war progressed, Armenia and Azerbaijan, both former Soviet republics, entangled themselves in protracted, undeclared mountain warfare in the mountainous heights of Karabakh as Azerbaijan attempted to curb the Karabakh Movement.
Siege of Stepanakert
November 1991 – 9 May 1992
The siege of Stepanakert started in late 1991, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, in Stepanakert, the largest city in Nagorno-Karabakh, when the Azerbaijani forces circled the city. Until May 1992, the city and its Armenian population were the target of a months-long campaign of bombardment by Azerbaijan.
Battle of Shusha
1992
The Battle of Shusha (Codenamed: Operation Wedding in The Mountains; Armenian: Հարսանիք լեռներում, Harsaniq lernerum; Russian: Свадьба в горах, Svadba v gorakh) (Armenian: Շուշի, Shushi) was the first significant military victory by Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. The battle took place in the strategically important mountain town of Shusha on the evening of 8 May 1992, and fighting swiftly concluded the next day after Armenian forces captured it and drove out the defending Azerbaijanis.
Malibeyli and Gushchular Massacre
10 February 1992
The Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli was an incident in which eight ethnic Azerbaijani civilians were killed by Armenian irregular armed units in simultaneous attacks on the villages of Malibeyli, Ashaghi Gushchular, and Yukhari Gushchular in the Shusha District of Azerbaijan, on February 10–12, 1992 during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.
Capture of Garadaghly
17 February 1992
The Capture of Garadaghly (Azerbaijani: Qaradağlının işğalı) was the seizure of Garadaghly, an Azerbaijani-populated village in Khojavend district of Nagorno-Karabakh by Armenian volunteer units on 17 February 1992, in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.
Maraghar massacre
10 April 1992
The Maraga massacre (Armenian: Մարաղայի կոտորած, romanized: Maraghayi kotorats) was the mass murder of Armenian civilians in the village of Maraga (Maragha) by Azerbaijani troops, which had captured the village on April 10, 1992, in the course of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. The villagers, including men, women, children and elderly, were killed indiscriminately and deliberately, their houses were pillaged and burnt; the village was destroyed.
Battle of Kalbajar
27 March 1993 – 3 April 1993
The Battle of Kalbajar took place in March and April 1993, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. It resulted in the capture of the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan by Armenian military forces.