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60 of 60 events · showing 1–20

The Story of

Mexico

1519 – 2023

Country in North America

  1. Mexican Indian Wars

    1519–1933

    Indigenous rebellions in Mexico and Central America were conflicts of resistance initiated by American Indian peoples against European colonial empires and their succeeding nation settler states that occurred in the territory of the continental Viceroyalty of New Spain and British Honduras, as well as their respective successor states. The latter include Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and parts of the Southern and Western United States.

  2. Massacre in the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan

    22 May 1520

    The Massacre in the Great Temple, also called the Toxcatl Massacre, or the Alvarado Massacre, was an event on 22 May 1520, in the Mexica, also known as the Aztec, capital of Tenochtitlan during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, in which the celebration of the Feast of Toxcatl ended in a massacre of Mexica elites. In late April of 1520, Cuban Governor Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar ordered Spanish conquistador, Pánfilo de Narváez, to arrest Hernán Cortés while he was in Tenochtitlan.

  3. La Noche Triste

    30 June 1520 – 1 July 1520

    La Noche Triste ("The Night of Sorrows", literally "The Sad Night"), officially called in Mexico Victorious Night, was an important event during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, where Hernán Cortés and his army of Spanish conquistadors, including their native allies were driven out of the Mexica capital, Tenochtitlan.

  4. Battle of Otumba

    7 July 1520

    The Battle of Otumba was a major battle fought on 7 July 1520 between the Aztec Empire and its allies led by the Cihuacoatl Matlatzincátzin, and Spanish conquistadors under Hernán Cortés, alongside support from the Confederacy of Tlaxcala. The battle was fought on the plain of Temalcatitlán, near modern-day Otumba during the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Spain.

  5. Fall of Tenochtitlan

    10 May 1521 – 13 August 1521

    The fall of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Mexica, was an important event in the Spanish conquest of the Mexica. It occurred in 1521 following extensive negotiations between local factions and Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés.

  6. Battle of San Juan de Ulúa

    23 September 1568

    The Battle of San Juan de Ulúa was fought between English privateers and Spanish forces at San Juan de Ulúa (in modern Veracruz, Mexico). The English flotilla of six armed merchant ships under John Hawkins had been trading along the Spanish Main with the cooperation of local Spanish officials.

  7. Mexican War of Independence

    16 September 1800 – 27 September 1821

    The Mexican War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de México, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict and political movement that eventually resulted in Mexico's independence from the Spanish Empire. It was not a single, coherent event, but local and regional struggles that occurred within the same period, and can be considered a revolutionary civil war.

  8. Grito de Dolores

    16 September 1810

    The Cry of Dolores (Spanish: Grito de Dolores) occurred in Dolores, Mexico, on 16 September 1810, when Roman Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang his church bell and gave the call to arms that triggered the Mexican War of Independence. The Cry of Dolores is most commonly known by the locals as El Grito de Independencia (The Independence Cry).

  9. Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America

    6 November 1813

    The Solemn Act of Northern America's Declaration of Independence (Spanish: Acta Solemne de la Declaración de Independencia de la América Septentrional) is the first Mexican legal historical document which established the separation of Mexico from Spanish rule. It was signed on November 6, 1813, by the deputies of the Congress of Anáhuac, organized by General José María Morelos in the city of Oaxaca in June of that same year, and later installed in the city of Chilpancingo on September 13.

  10. Plan of ayala

    24 February 1821

    The Plan of Iguala, also known as the Plan of the Three Guarantees ("Plan Trigarante") or Act of Independence of North America, was a revolutionary proclamation promulgated on 24 February 1821, in the final stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain. The Plan stated that Mexico was to become a constitutional monarchy, whose sole official religion would be Roman Catholicism, in which both the Peninsulares (people born in Spain and residing in Mexico) and the Americanos (people born in Mexico, that is, the Americas) would enjoy equal political and social rights.

  11. Treaty of Córdoba

    24 August 1821 – February 1822

    The Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. It was signed on August 24, 1821 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico.

  12. Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire

    28 September 1821

    The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire (Spanish: Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano) is the document by which Mexico declared independence from the Spanish Empire. This founding document of the Mexican nation was drafted in the National Palace in Mexico City on 28 September 1821, by Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros, secretary of the Provisional Governmental Board.

  13. Fredonian Rebellion

    21 December 1826 – 31 January 1827

    The Fredonian Rebellion or Texan revolt of 1826 (December 21, 1826 – January 31, 1827) was the first attempt by Texans to secede from Mexico. The settlers, led by Empresario Haden Edwards, declared independence from Mexican Texas and created the Republic of Fredonia near Nacogdoches.

  14. Treaties of Velasco

    14 May 1836

    The Treaties of Velasco (Spanish: Tratados de Velasco) were two documents, one private and the other public, signed in Fort Velasco on May 14, 1836 between General Antonio López de Santa Anna and the Republic of Texas in the aftermath of the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. The fort was located in the former Velasco, Texas, now part of the present-day location of Surfside Beach.

  15. Pastry War

    27 November 1838 – 9 March 1839

    The Pastry War began in November 1838 when French naval forces blockaded ports in Mexico, and captured San Juan de Ulúa in Veracruz. This was in response to allegations of mistreatment of French nationals in Mexico, including a pastry chef after whom the war was named, and ended in March 1839 with a British-brokered peace.

  16. Battle of Monterrey

    1846

    In the Battle of Monterrey (September 21–24, 1846) during the Mexican–American War, General Pedro de Ampudia and the Mexican Army of the North was defeated by the Army of Occupation, a force of United States Regulars, Volunteers, and Texas Rangers under the command of General Zachary Taylor. The hard-fought urban combat led to heavy casualties on both sides.

  17. Battle of Chapultepec

    1847

    The Battle of Chapultepec took place between U.S. troops and Mexican forces holding the strategically located Chapultepec Castle on the outskirts of Mexico City on September 13, 1847 during the Mexican–American War. The castle was built atop a 200-foot (61 m) hill in 1783, and in 1833 it was converted into a military academy and a gunpowder storage facility.

  18. Battle of Buena Vista

    1847

    The Battle of Buena Vista (February 22–23, 1847), known as the Battle of La Angostura in Mexico, and sometimes as Battle of Buena Vista/La Angostura, was a battle of the Mexican–American War. It was fought between U.S. forces, largely volunteers, under General Zachary Taylor, and the much larger Mexican Army under General Antonio López de Santa Anna.

  19. Siege of Veracruz

    1847

    On 9 March 1847, during the Mexican–American War, the United States military made an amphibious landing and besieged the key Mexican seaport of Veracruz. The port surrendered twenty days later.

  20. Battle of Churubusco

    20 August 1847

    The Battle of Churubusco took place on August 20, 1847, while Santa Anna's army was in retreat from the Battle of Contreras during the Mexican–American War. It was the battle where the San Patricio Battalion, made up largely of US deserters, made their last stand against U.S. forces.