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The Story of

Ecuador

1797 – 2025

Sovereign state in South America

  1. Rio Protocol

    29 January 1942

    The Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador, or Rio Protocol for short, was an international agreement signed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on January 29, 1942, by the foreign ministers of Peru and Ecuador, with the participation of the United States, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina as guarantors. The Protocol was intended to finally resolve the long-running territorial dispute between the two countries, and brought about the official end of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1941–1942.

  2. Ecuadorian–Peruvian War

    31 January 1942 – 29 January 1942

    The Second Ecuadorian–Peruvian War, usually called simply the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War, and known locally as the War of '41 (Spanish: Guerra del 41), was a South American war fought between 5 July to 2 October of 1941. It was the first of three military conflicts between Ecuador and Peru during the 20th century.

  3. 1949 Pelileo earthquake

    5 August 1949

    A magnitude 6.4 Ms earthquake struck Ecuador's Tungurahua Province southeast of its capital Ambato and killed 5,050 people on August 5, 1949. The nearby villages of Guano, Patate, Pelileo, and Pillaro were destroyed, and the city of Ambato suffered heavy damage.

  4. El Carnavalazo

    15 February 1972

    El Carnavalazo was a military coup in Ecuador led by Guillermo Rodríguez Lara that deposed the government of José María Velasco Ibarra on 15 February 1972, ending the fifth and last of the Velasquist presidencies. This event was popularly called "Carnavalazo" because it happened during the Ecuadorian carnival.

  5. Masacre de Aztra

    18 October 1977

    The Aztra massacre was a massacre of workers perpetrated by the National Police of Ecuador on October 18, 1977, at the Aztra ingenio, located in the La Troncal Canton, Cañar Province. The massacre left more than a hundred workers killed, mostly Indigenous, and occurred after the Indigenous workers started a strike to demand better wages.

  6. 1979 Tumaco earthquake

    12 December 1979

    An earthquake occurred at 02:59 local time on 12 December 1979, with the epicenter just offshore from the border between Ecuador and Colombia, near the port city of Tumaco. With a moment magnitude of 8.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), it triggered a major tsunami, which was responsible for most of the estimated 300–600 deaths.

  7. Paquisha War

    28 January 1981 – 5 February 1981

    The Paquisha War, Fake Paquisha War or Paquisha incident (Spanish: Guerra de Paquisha, Conflicto del Falso Paquisha o Incidente de Paquisha) was a military clash that took place between January and February 1981 between Ecuador and Peru over the control of three watchposts. While Peru felt that the matter was already decided in the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1941, Ecuador claimed that the Rio de Janeiro Protocol was not executable because a 78 km section of the border was not precisely defined.

  8. 1983 TAME 737-200 crash

    11 July 1983

    TAME Flight 173, a Boeing 737-200 operated by Ecuador's national airline TAME, flying on a domestic route from the now-closed Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito to Mariscal Lamar International Airport in Cuenca, crashed on 11 July 1983 into a hill during its final approach just 1 mile (1.6 km; 0.87 nmi) from its final destination, killing all 119 people on board. The crash was the deadliest crash in the history of TAME, and it remains as the deadliest aircraft accident in the history of Ecuador.

  9. 1987 Ecuador earthquakes

    6 March 1987

    The 1987 Ecuador earthquakes occurred over a six-hour period on March 6, 1987. The sequence of shocks measured 6.7, 7.1, and 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale.

  10. Cenepa War

    26 January 1995 – 28 February 1995

    The Cenepa War (26 January – 28 February 1995), also known as the Alto Cenepa War, was a brief and localized military conflict between Ecuador and Peru, fought over control of an area in the Ecuadorian territory (i.e. in the eastern side of the Cordillera del Cóndor, Province of Condorcanqui, Región Amazonas, Republic of Ecuador) near the border between the two countries.

  11. Cubana de Aviación Flight 389

    29 August 1998

    Cubana de Aviación Flight 389 (CU389/CUB389) was a scheduled international passenger flight, flying from the former Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito to Havana's José Martí International Airport, with a stopover at Simón Bolívar International Airport in Guayaquil, operated by Cuban flag carrier Cubana de Aviación. On 29 August 1998, the aircraft operating the domestic Quito-Guayaquil leg of the flight, a Russian-made Tupolev Tu-154M overran the runway, smashing buildings and crashed into a soccer field in Quito while taking off from the airport.

  12. Brasilia Presidential Act

    26 October 1998

    The Brasilia Presidential Act (Spanish: Acta Presidencial de Brasilia, Portuguese: Ato Presidencial de Brasília), also known as the Fujimori–Mahuad Treaty (Spanish: Tratado Fujimori–Mahuad), is an international treaty signed in Brasília by the then President of Ecuador, Jamil Mahuad and then President of Peru, Alberto Fujimori, which effectively put an end to the Ecuadorian–Peruvian territorial dispute.

  13. 2000 Ecuadorian coup d'état

    2000

    The 2000 Ecuadorian coup d'état took place on 21 January 2000 and resulted in President Jamil Mahuad being deposed, and replaced by Vice President Gustavo Noboa. The coup coalition brought together a short-lived junta composed by the country's most powerful indigenous group, Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE), and a group of junior military officers led by Lieutenant Colonel Lucio Gutiérrez.

  14. August 2014 earthquake in Quito

    12 August 2014

    On August 12, 2014, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake struck the South American country of Ecuador 23 km (14 mi) northeast of the capital, Quito, at a depth of 7.7 km (4.8 mi). The earthquake shook the city and surrounding areas, causing large dust clouds and prompting the temporary shutdown of the international airport.

  15. 2016 Ecuador earthquake

    16 April 2016

    The 2016 Ecuador earthquake occurred on April 16 at 18:58:37 ECT with a moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The very large thrust earthquake was centered approximately 27 km (17 mi) from the towns of Muisne and Pedernales in a sparsely populated part of the country, and 170 km (110 mi) from the capital Quito, where it was felt strongly.

  16. 2017 Peru floods

    2017

    From December 2016 and continuing until May 2017, much of western and central South America was plagued by persistent heavy rain events. In Peru, one of the most severely impacted nations, it has been referred to as the 2017 Coastal Niño (Spanish: El Niño costero de 2017).

  17. Ecuadorian tax haven referendum, 2017

    19 February 2017

    A referendum on banning politicians and civil servants from having bank accounts or companies based in tax havens was held in Ecuador on 19 February 2017, alongside general elections. The proposal was approved by voters, giving officials one year to transfer their assets or be removed from their posts.

  18. Ecuadorian referendum and popular consultation, 2018

    4 February 2018

    A seven-part referendum and popular consultation was held in Ecuador on Sunday, February 4, 2018, to reform the constitution and consult citizens on issues of national importance. The consultation was announced on October 2, 2017, by President Lenin Moreno.

  19. 2019 Peru earthquake

    26 May 2019

    An earthquake measuring Mw 8.0 struck Peru and the surrounding areas on 26 May 2019 at 02:41 local time. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (Very strong) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale in the towns of Yurimaguas and Lagunas.

  20. 2019 Ecuadorian protests

    3 October 2019 – 14 October 2019

    The 2019 Ecuadorian protests were a series of protests and riots against austerity measures including the cancellation of fuel subsidies, adopted by President of Ecuador Lenín Moreno and his administration. Organized protests ceased after indigenous groups and the Ecuadorian government reached a deal to reverse the austerity measures, beginning a collaboration on how to combat overspending and public debt.