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The Story of

Denmark

1131 – 2022

Country in Northern Europe

  1. Danish Civil Wars

    1131–1157

    The Danish Civil Wars (Danish: Kongekrigene, Norwegian: De danske kongekrige) were a series of civil wars fought in the Kingdom of Denmark, first from 1131 to 1134 over the murder of Canute Lavard, then from 1139 to 1143, and finally a war of succession fought from 1146 to 1157, after the abdication of Eric III of Denmark, the first monarch in Danish history to have abdicated. The first phase of the war was fought between King Eric II of Denmark and King Niels joined by Magnus the Strong.

  2. Battle of Grathe Heath

    1157

    The Battle of Grathe Heath was the last major battle of the Danish Civil Wars, being fought on 23 October 1157 at the Jutland Peninsula between the armies of Valdemar I and his rival for the Danish throne, Sweyn III. Valdemar's forces won the battle, and Sweyn was slain while attempting to flee.

  3. 6000-Mark War

    1276–1278

    The 6000-mark war (Swedish: 6000-markskriget, Danish: 6000-marks-krigen) was a war between Denmark and Sweden which took place from 1276 to 1278. It started because of a disagreement over an agreed sum of 6,000 silver marks for Danish assistance to Magnus Birgersson in the battle against Valdemar Birgersson in 1275.

  4. Treaty of Bergen

    29 August 1450

    Treaty of Bergen, signed on 29 August 1450 in Bergen, between Norway and Denmark. The agreement was in many ways a continuation of the Kalmar Union founded in 1397, between Norway, Denmark and Sweden, while Norway and Denmark had been in a personal union with a common king since 1380 (with interruptions).

  5. Battle of Bornholm

    1456

    The Battle of Bornholm was a naval battle which took place near the Danish island of Bornholm, between privateers from the city of Gdańsk (Danzig) and a transport convoy of Danish and Livonian ships which were attempting to bring supplies and reinforcements to the Teutonic Knights in Prussia, during the Thirteen Years' War (1454–66) between the Kingdom of Poland and the Prussian Confederation on one hand, and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights on the other. The battle took place on the night of 14 August 1457.

  6. Treaty of Ribe

    5 March 1460

    The Treaty of Ribe (Danish: Ribe-brevet, transl. The Ribe letter; German: Vertrag von Ripen) was a proclamation at Ribe made in 1460 by King Christian I of Denmark to a number of Holsatian nobles enabling himself to become Count of Holstein and gain control of the Duchy of Schleswig, on Denmark's southern border. The most famous line of the proclamation was that the Danish Duchy of Schleswig and the County of Holstein within the Holy Roman Empire, should now be, in the original Middle Low German language, Up Ewig Ungedeelt, or "Forever Undivided".

  7. Battle of Bogesund

    19 January 1520

    The Battle of Bogesund was an important conflict in the campaign of Christian II to gain power over Sweden. In 1520, Christian's army of mercenaries had landed in Sweden, seeking to consolidate Christian's powers over Sweden within the Kalmar Union and to unseat the rebellious Swedish riksföreståndare Sten Sture the Younger.

  8. Battle of Axtorna

    20 October 1565

    The Battle of Axtorna or simply Axtorna, was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and Denmark–Norway 20 October 1565 at Axtorna, a small village in what is today Falkenberg Municipality, Halland County in south-western Sweden.

  9. Action of 16 May 1644

    16 May 1644

    This battle took place on 16 May 1644 during the Torstenson War near List Deep, between Sylt and Rømø in western Denmark. Nine Danish ships under King Christian IV forced a retreat back into List Deep of 26 smaller Dutch ships (13 under Marten Thijsen and 13 under Hendrik Gerritsen) which had been leased to Sweden.

  10. Battle of Colberger Heide

    1 July 1644

    The Battle of Colberger Heide (also Kolberger Heide or Colberg Heath) took place on 1 July 1644 during the Torstenson War, off the coast of Schleswig-Holstein. The battle was indecisive, but a minor success for the Dano-Norwegian fleet commanded by Jørgen Vind, assisted by Grabow and King Christian IV, over a Swedish fleet commanded by Klas Fleming, assisted by Ulfsparre and Bjelkenstjerna.

  11. Battle of Fehmarn

    13 October 1644

    The battle of Fehmarn took place north-west of the island of Fehmarn, now part of Germany, in the Baltic Sea. A combined Swedish fleet, with a large element of hired Dutch ships, defeated a Danish fleet and took 1,000 prisoners, including Ulfeldt, Benjamin Grabov and von Jasmund.

  12. March Across the Belts

    30 January 1658 – 6 February 1658

    The March Across the Belts (Swedish: Tåget över Bält) was a military campaign waged by the Swedish Empire across the ice between the Danish islands. It lasted between 30 January and 15 February 1658, ending with a decisive victory for Swedish King Charles X Gustav during his first Danish war.

  13. Siege of Kronborg

    16 August 1658 – 6 September 1658

    The siege of Kronborg (Danish: Belejringen af Kronborg; Swedish: Belägring av Kronborg) was a Swedish siege of the Danish stronghold Kronborg from 16 August to 6 September 1658, during the Dano-Swedish War of 1658–1660. The siege ended with a Swedish victory.

  14. Battle of the Sound

    29 October 1658

    The Battle of the Sound was a naval engagement which took place on 8 November 1658 (29 October O.S.) during the Second Northern War, near the Sound or Øresund, just north of the Danish capital, Copenhagen. Sweden had invaded Denmark and an army under Charles X Gustav of Sweden had Copenhagen itself under siege.

  15. Battle of Kolding

    25 December 1658

    The siege of Kolding was fought on December 25, 1658, between Sweden and the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Denmark–Norway. The Polish and Danish forces were led by Stefan Czarniecki.

  16. Assault on Copenhagen

    11 February 1659

    The assault on Copenhagen (Danish: stormen på København; Swedish: stormningen av Köpenhamn), also known as the battle of Copenhagen, on 11 February 1659, was a major engagement during the Second Northern War, taking place during the Swedish siege of Copenhagen. Following the arrival of Swedish forces on Zealand on 7 August 1658, they intended to attack Copenhagen, thus conquering Denmark.

  17. Battle of Nyborg

    14 November 1659

    The Battle of Nyborg took place between Sweden and the combined forces of Denmark, Dutch naval forces under Michiel de Ruyter, troops of Brandenburg-Prussia, and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under Stefan Czarniecki. The battle was engaged on 14 November 1659 at Nyborg on the Danish island of Funen.

  18. Treaty of Copenhagen

    27 May 1660

    The Treaty of Copenhagen (Danish: Freden i København, Swedish: Freden i Köpenhamn) was signed on 27 May 1660, and marked the conclusion of the Second Northern War between the Swedish Empire and the alliance of Denmark–Norway and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. This treaty was a smaller follow-up treaty to that of the Treaty of Roskilde, which decisively delineated the mutually recognized boundaries of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway; boundaries which are almost exactly the same to this day.

  19. Battle of Køge Bay

    1677

    The Battle of Køge Bay was a naval battle between Denmark-Norway and Sweden that took place in the bay off of Køge 1–2 July 1677 during the Scanian War. The battle was a major success for Admiral Niels Juel after his previous victory one month earlier at the Battle of Møn, and is regarded as the greatest victory in Danish naval history.

  20. Battle of Møn

    31 May 1677 – 1 June 1677

    The Battle of Møn, also known as the Battle of Fehmarn, took place 31 May–1 June 1677, as part of the Scanian War. A smaller Swedish squadron under Admiral Erik Sjöblad attempted to sail from Gothenburg to join the main Swedish fleet in the Baltic Sea.