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The Story of

Brazil

1631 – 2024

Country in South America

  1. Battle of Abrolhos

    12 September 1631

    The naval Battle of the Abrolhos took place on 12 September 1631 off the coast of Pernambuco, Brazil, during the Eighty Years' War. A joint Spanish-Portuguese fleet under admiral Antonio de Oquendo defeated the Dutch after a six-hour naval battle.

  2. First Battle of Salvador

    May 1638 – 18 May 1638

    The siege of Salvador was a siege that took place between April and May 1638, during the Dutch–Portuguese War and Eighty Years' War. The governor of the Dutch colony in Brazil, John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, commanding the army of the Dutch West India Company, with vastly superior forces and a supporting fleet under Johan van der Mast, put the city of Salvador under siege.

  3. Acclamation of Amador Bueno

    1641

    The acclamation of Amador Bueno (Portuguese: Aclamação de Amador Bueno), was an abortive revolt orchestrated primarily by Spanish colonists in São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga in 1641, shortly after the royal acclamation of John IV. It is considered the first nativist movement or the first gesture of autonomy in Colonial Brazil and, not coincidentally, took place in São Paulo, which at the time had limited contact with Portugal and extensive miscegenation between Portuguese, indigenous peoples, and foreigners.

  4. Insurrection of Pernambuco

    15 May 1645 – 26 January 1654

    The Insurrection of Pernambuco (Portuguese: Insurreição Pernambucana), also known as the War of the Divine Light (Guerra da Luz Divina), was a movement against Dutch rule in the Captaincy of Pernambuco. The revolution occurred in the course of the second Dutch invasion during the Dutch–Portuguese War and resulted in the expulsion of the Dutch from the northeast region of Brazil, followed by the reclamation of the territory by the Kingdom of Portugal.

  5. Emboabas' War

    1707

    The War of the Emboabas (Guerra dos Emboabas, lit. “war of the newcomers”) was an internal conflict in colonial Brazil fought between 1707 and 1709 over control of newly discovered gold fields in the interior of the Captaincy of São Vicente.

  6. Mascate War

    1710–1711

    The War of the Mascates might be more accurately called an insurrection; the main events occurred in and around Recife, Pernambuco during 1710 and 1711. Some consider the underlying causes lasted for two centuries.

  7. Battle of Rio de Janeiro

    12 September 1711 – 22 September 1711

    The Battle of Rio de Janeiro was a raid in September 1711 on the port of Rio de Janeiro in the War of Spanish Succession by a French squadron under René Duguay-Trouin. The Portuguese defenders, including the city's governor and an admiral of the fleet anchored there, were unable to put up effective resistance in spite of numerical advantages and the city had to pay a ransom to avoid destruction of its defences.

  8. Spanish–Portuguese War of 1776-1777

    February 1776 – 24 February 1777

    The Spanish-Portuguese War, also known as the Second Cevallos expedition, was fought between 1776 and 1777 over the border between Spanish and Portuguese South America.

  9. Minas Gerais Conspiracy

    1789

    The Inconfidência Mineira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ĩkõfiˈdẽsiɐ miˈnejɾɐ]; "Minas Gerais Conspiracy") was an unsuccessful separatist movement in Colonial Brazil in 1789. It was the result of a confluence of external and internal causes.

  10. Siege of Salvador

    2 March 1822 – 2 July 1823

    The siege of Salvador occurred during the Brazilian War of Independence, during which the newly formed Brazilian army, under the command of French general Pierre Labatut, attempted to capture the city of Salvador in Bahia from its Portuguese defenders. The siege lasted from 2 March 1822 until 2 July 1823, finally ending when the Portuguese commander, Madeira de Melo, surrendered his forces to the Brazilians.

  11. Independence of Brazil

    7 September 1822

    The independence of Brazil (Portuguese: independência do Brasil) began after a series of political and military events that led the Kingdom of Brazil to separate from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It is celebrated on 7 September, the date in 1822 when prince regent Pedro of Braganza, beside the Ipiranga brook, declared independence from Portugal – a declaration that became known as the Cry of Ipiranga.

  12. Battle of 4 May

    4 May 1823

    The Battle of 4 May was fought in open sea near Salvador, Bahia, on 4 May 1823, between the Imperial Brazilian Navy, under the command of British admiral Thomas Cochrane, and the Portuguese Navy during the Brazilian War of Independence.

  13. Battle of Ituzaingó

    20 February 1827

    The Battle of Ituzaingó, also known as the Battle of Passo do Rosário, was a pitched battle fought in the vicinity of the Santa Maria River, in a valley of small hills where a stream divided the valley into two. After a two-year series of continuous sundry skirmishes in the Banda Oriental (present-day Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul) and along the border of this region with Brazil, the advancing Argentine Army (including Orientals) engaged in combat with the Imperial Brazilian Army.

  14. Cabanagem

    1835

    The Cabanagem (Portuguese pronunciation: [kabaˈnaʒẽj]; 1835–1840) was a popular revolution and pro-separatist movement that occurred in the then province of Grão-Pará, Empire of Brazil. Among the causes for this revolt were the extreme poverty of the Paraense people, oppression by the Empire of Brazil, and the political irrelevance to which the province was relegated after the independence of Brazil.

  15. Malê Revolt

    January 1835

    The Malê revolt (Portuguese: Revolta dos Malês, pronounced [ʁɛˈvɔwtɐ duz maˈle(j)s], [ʁeˈvɔwtɐ duz mɐˈle(j)s]) was a Muslim slave rebellion that broke out during the regency period in the Empire of Brazil. On a Sunday during Ramadan in January 1835, in the city of Salvador, a group of enslaved African Muslims and freedmen, inspired by Muslim teachers, rose up against the government.

  16. Balaiada

    1837–1841

    The Balaiada was a social revolt between 1838 and 1841 in the interior of the Province of Maranhão, Brazil.

  17. Sabinada

    6 November 1837 – 16 March 1838

    The Sabinada (1837–1838) was a revolt by military officer Francisco Sabino that occurred in Brazil's Bahia province between 6 November 1837 and 16 March 1838. The rebels proposed the existence of a Bahian Republic of a transitory nature until Emperor Dom Pedro II reached the age of majority.

  18. Praieira revolt

    6 November 1848

    The Praieira revolt, also known as the Beach rebellion, was a movement in the Pernambuco province of the Empire of Brazil that lasted from 1848 to 1849. The revolt, influenced by revolutions taking place in Europe, was due in part to unresolved conflicts left over from the Regency period and local resistance to the consolidation of the Empire of Brazil that had been proclaimed in 1822.

  19. Revolta da Armada

    1893

    The Brazilian Naval Revolts (Portuguese: Revoltas da Armada, lit. 'Navy's Revolt') were armed mutinies promoted mainly by admirals Custódio José de Melo and Saldanha da Gama and their fleet of rebel Brazilian navy ships against the claimed unconstitutional staying in power of president Floriano Peixoto. The revolts had a number of causes: "personal animosities in the ruling elite; friction in federal-state relations and between the president and Congress; militarism; government extravagance; army navy rivalry; and some lingering monarchical sentiments following the overthrow of the empire…

  20. Acre War

    1899–1903

    The Acre War, known in Brazil as Acrean Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução Acreana) and in Spanish as Guerra del Acre ("War of the Acre") was a border conflict between Bolivia and the First Brazilian Republic over the Acre Region, which was rich in rubber and gold deposits. The conflict had two phases between 1899 and 1903, and ended with an Acrean victory and the subsequent Treaty of Petrópolis, which ceded Acre to Brazil.